“沸石轉輪+RTO”運(yun)行流程如(ru)圖 1 所示.

過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)①:排風(feng)(feng) VOCs 廢氣(qi)從排風(feng)(feng)管進(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)沸(fei)(fei)石(shi)(shi)轉輪進(jin)(jin)(jin)行 VOCs吸(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu);過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)②:經(jing)沸(fei)(fei)石(shi)(shi)轉輪吸(xi)(xi)附(fu)(fu)的氣(qi)體(ti)成(cheng)(cheng)為凈(jing)氣(qi),部分(fen)(fen)凈(jing)氣(qi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)囪(cong)(cong);過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)③:部分(fen)(fen)從沸(fei)(fei)石(shi)(shi)轉輪出口的凈(jing)氣(qi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)換熱(re)(re)器吸(xi)(xi)熱(re)(re),這部分(fen)(fen)氣(qi)體(ti)稱(cheng)為脫(tuo)附(fu)(fu)風(feng)(feng);過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)④:吸(xi)(xi)熱(re)(re)升(sheng)溫(wen)后(hou)(hou)的脫(tuo)附(fu)(fu)風(feng)(feng)再次進(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)沸(fei)(fei)石(shi)(shi)轉輪,對 VOCs 進(jin)(jin)(jin)行脫(tuo)附(fu)(fu);過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)⑤:脫(tuo)附(fu)(fu)風(feng)(feng)攜帶較(jiao)高(gao)濃度的 VOCs 進(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)RTO,首先經(jing)過(guo)(guo)(guo)蓄熱(re)(re)體(ti)預(yu)熱(re)(re)升(sheng)溫(wen),再進(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)爐膛進(jin)(jin)(jin)行氧(yang)化分(fen)(fen)解(jie);過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)⑥:燃燒后(hou)(hou)的部分(fen)(fen)高(gao)溫(wen)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)氣(qi)流經(jing)蓄熱(re)(re)體(ti)并放熱(re)(re),成(cheng)(cheng)為低溫(wen)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)氣(qi)后(hou)(hou)然后(hou)(hou)進(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)囪(cong)(cong);過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)⑦:部分(fen)(fen)高(gao)溫(wen)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)氣(qi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)換熱(re)(re)器放熱(re)(re),加熱(re)(re)脫(tuo)附(fu)(fu)風(feng)(feng);過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)⑧:放熱(re)(re)后(hou)(hou)的低溫(wen)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)氣(qi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)囪(cong)(cong);過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)⑨:所有進(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)囪(cong)(cong)的氣(qi)混(hun)合(he)后(hou)(hou)排入(ru)大氣(qi). 

涂裝所用涂料的主(zhu)要 VOCs 組(zu)分為(wei)二甲苯(ben)?乙苯(ben)和正丁醇,以下是各組(zu)分與(yu)氧氣(qi)反應方程式. 二甲苯(ben)、乙苯(ben): C8H10 + 10.5O2 = 8CO2 + 5H2O 

正丁醇: C4H10O + 6O2 = 4CO2 + 5H2O 

 涂(tu)裝車間作業產生的(de) VOCs 主要組分物性參數如表 1 所示: 

空載(zai)運行時(shi),VOCs 濃度為(wei)(wei) 0mg/Nm3,系統運行所需熱(re)(re)量全部由天然氣提供(gong).空載(zai)運行時(shi)排風量為(wei)(wei) 60000Nm3/h,當沸(fei)石轉輪濃縮倍率(lv)(lv)為(wei)(wei) 10,換熱(re)(re)器熱(re)(re)利用率(lv)(lv)為(wei)(wei) 0.70 時(shi),天然氣流量VT= 54.5Nm3/h. 

滿(man)載運(yun)行時(shi),系統運(yun)行所需熱量全(quan)部由 VOCs燃燒提(ti)供(gong),天然(ran)氣停(ting)止供(gong)應(ying).滿(man)載運(yun)行時(shi)排風量為(wei)95000Nm3/h,沸石(shi)轉輪濃縮倍率(lv)為(wei) 10,換熱器熱利(li)用(yong)率(lv)為(wei) 0.70 時(shi),可以(yi)求出 VOCs濃度為(wei)827mg/Nm3

在(zai)排(pai)風量為(wei)60000Nm3/h,排(pai)風管內 VOCs 濃度(du)為(wei)0mg/Nm3,沸石轉(zhuan)輪濃縮倍率為(wei) 10,換熱(re)器熱(re)利用(yong)率為(wei) 0.70 的初始計(ji)算(suan)條件下,核算(suan)驗(yan)證 VOCs 入爐(lu)(lu)濃度(du)與爐(lu)(lu)溫的關系,可以求得爐(lu)(lu)溫為(wei) 760℃,在(zai)此(ci)基礎上,RTO 入口處(chu) VOCs 濃度(du)每增加 1000mg/Nm3,平均爐(lu)(lu)溫上升約(yue) 21℃,在(zai)實際運行過(guo)程(cheng)中,RTO 入口處(chu) VOCs 濃度(du)每增加 1000mg/Nm3,爐(lu)(lu)溫上升約(yue) 20℃,根(gen)據工(gong)程(cheng)實際中產生的 VOCs 種類,在(zai)保證 VOCs 去除率的前提

下,適當降低爐(lu)溫可以減少天然氣消(xiao)耗量。

沸(fei)石轉輪濃(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)縮倍率越大,所需天(tian)(tian)然(ran)氣量(liang)(liang)越小;在(zai)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)縮倍率較(jiao)小時(shi),提高(gao)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)縮倍率對天(tian)(tian)然(ran)氣流(liu)量(liang)(liang)影響較(jiao)大,在(zai)較(jiao)高(gao)的(de)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)縮倍率下(xia)繼續(xu)提高(gao)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)縮倍率,對減少(shao)天(tian)(tian)然(ran)氣消耗量(liang)(liang)作用較(jiao)小.在(zai)綜合考慮天(tian)(tian)然(ran)氣消耗量(liang)(liang)和 RTO 安全(quan)(quan)運行風量(liang)(liang)下(xia)限的(de)前提條件下(xia),排風量(liang)(liang)為(wei) 60000~95000Nm3/h 時(shi),將沸(fei)石轉輪濃(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)縮倍率設置為(wei) 10~14 倍是較(jiao)為(wei)經濟安全(quan)(quan)的(de)選擇.

換熱(re)器熱(re)利(li)用率(lv)率(lv)越大,天(tian)(tian)然(ran)氣消耗(hao)量(liang)(liang)越小.換熱(re)器熱(re)利(li)用率(lv)從(cong)(cong)0.50 提高(gao)(gao)(gao)到 0.70 時,天(tian)(tian)然(ran)氣消耗(hao)量(liang)(liang)從(cong)(cong) 72.9Nm3/h 下(xia)(xia)降到了54.5Nm3/h,降低(di)(di)了 25%;換熱(re)器熱(re)利(li)用率(lv)從(cong)(cong) 0.70 提高(gao)(gao)(gao)到 0.90 時,天(tian)(tian)然(ran)氣消耗(hao)量(liang)(liang)從(cong)(cong) 54.5Nm3/h 下(xia)(xia)降到了44.2Nm3/h,下(xia)(xia)降了18.9%.提高(gao)(gao)(gao)換熱(re)器熱(re)利(li)用率(lv)對(dui)降低(di)(di)天(tian)(tian)然(ran)氣消耗(hao)量(liang)(liang)有顯著效果. 

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